Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Free Essays

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an intense mental issue numerous conventional individuals can create. It causes enormous scope gloom and can seriously harm connections and lives. Its primary driver are from an individual encountering or seeing an occasion including demise or genuine injury. We will compose a custom exposition test on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now A person’s reaction to the injury generally includes dread, defenselessness or frightfulness. In youngsters proof of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be displayed in confused or unsettled practices. One of the most well-known reactions of PTSD in grown-ups is the common contemplations, pictures and recognitions about the particular injury they persevered. Reliable, terrifying dreams of the occasion are additionally indications of creating PTSD. For youngsters, they may likewise encounter startling dreams however with unrecognizable substance they probably won't see excessively well. Grown-ups can likewise display signs by going about as though they were remembering the occasions again and again. Another indication of PTSD is the evasion of musings, sentiments and discussions with others about what occurred, and the confined scope of expressions of love and feelings displayed by the person. Numerous individuals feel like they can't have cherishing sentiments and can have a feeling of a foreshortened future where they can’t imagine themselves having a profession, marriage, youngsters or even an ordinary life expectancy. Much of the time, the manifestations of PTSD start to surface around 3 months after the particular occasion, however can be seen or experienced before also. The manifestations by and large will in general remain around for a really long time of a period yet for certain individuals it can get incessant and never leave for whatever length of time that they live. Casualties can start to feel segregated from society and irritated by their companions and others, as though they were isolated with nobody there for them. Casualties can likewise experience issues concentrating, become hyper careful, which implies an individual has an expanded condition of uneasiness and is continually filtering their environmental factors for dangers, and misrepresented alarmed reactions which is a symptom of all the tension they’re getting their brains through. Alongside high conditions of nervousness, trouble dozing, extraordinary fractiousness, upheavals of outrage for non-significant reasons and extreme misery are seen in numerous PTSD patients. Manifestations have been known to be more awful when the injury experienced is from purposeful human activities as opposed to something like a cataclysmic event. Likewise, when something includes mass losses like war, somebody who endures can encounter something known as survivor’s blame where they feel regretful for traversing it in the interim they lost friends and family and companions. The most striking, upsetting approach to encounter PTSD is through a flashback. A flashback is the point at which an individual has repeating pictures streak before him when taking a gander at typical things and cause the casualty to be moved back to where the injury occurred and even start to cause the individual to feel, see, and smell the things he might’ve on that day or timespan. This is particularly basic with war veterans like Vietnam War veterans. Vietnam War veterans can and have been known to be steamed at war motion pictures, sweltering sticky climate, and even Asian cooking as it takes them back to the occasions when they were abroad and where they lost a great deal of companions. PTSD has consistently been intently attached to the historical backdrop of human fighting, not simply the Vietnam War. PTSD is additionally referred to troopers and veterans as soldier’s heart, battle mental issues, and fight weariness, which means an officer can lose their will to live and battle and simply need to surrender. Battle veterans who have seen or submitted rough acts are bound to create PTSD. The men who freed the Nazi war camps in the 1940’s could have been Severely upset by the things they saw were being done to individuals. Also, through to today in the detainment facilities the United States has where they keep war crooks and suspected psychological militants like Abu Ghraib. Troopers who were positioned there had seen some horrendous things done to individuals, and those pictures could stay with them for an exceptionally significant time-frame. In any case, it was not until after the Vietnam War that PTSD turned into a notable and genuine psychological wellness condition and caught the enthusiasm of specialists and therapists. An examination done on Vietnam War veterans indicated that in any event 1. 7 million veterans had encountered a genuine instance of PTSD when their visit was finished or after the war. The consideration got by the Vietnam War veterans likewise helped shed a light onto casualties of different wars and occasions and permitted the as yet living Holocaust survivors to look for help in the event that they wished. Another investigation demonstrated that 55% of ladies were casualties of a rough wrongdoing and that one of every four of these ladies experienced PTSD. It can influence everybody for a boundless measure of reason going from catastrophic events like a typhoon or seismic tremor to something later like the fear monger assault of September 11, 2001. Numerous regular folks who got away from New York City that day saw and encountered a portion of the most noticeably awful things believable, and probably the biggest gathering of individuals who experienced that occasion was the individuals from the FDNY, NYPD, and PAPD. With the FDNY losing 343 fire fighters, the NYPD losing 23 cops and the PAPD losing 7 officials, the specialists on call for the World Trade Center endured overwhelming losses. Many individuals lost individual siblings and sisters going into the structures endeavoring to spare honest regular citizens and lost their lives. A horrendous occasion like 9/11 influences a bigger measure of individuals and hits them harder than different things because of the seriousness, lives lost, and pointlessness of the assault. Individuals who as of now may have hidden or earlier emotional wellness issues are bound to create PTSD. Hereditary qualities likewise assume a job in making a few people helpless to PTSD and two individuals who are encountering a similar injury can have two distinct results. One individual may have the option to overcome it and the other may be totally intellectually depleted and endure the most noticeably awful of the side effects. Individuals may not realize they have PTSD until the passing of a dear companion or relative or a separation or something extraordinary carries them to a passionate low and can make them review what they may have experienced. PTSD is a genuine state of mind that influences a bigger number of individuals than anybody may know. A few people are acceptable at concealing sentiments while others are most certainly not. Tragically a few victims resort to utilizing substantial amounts of liquor and sedatives to numb their torment and make them ready to adapt to the upsetting memories, bad dreams and rest issues and unfortunately many end up subject to the medications they’re utilizing. PTSD can likewise prompt self destruction if the casualty encounters cut off measures of survivor’s blame or feels as though they can’t take it any longer. Works Cited: . Vrana, Scott. â€Å"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. † Salem Health Psychology Mental Health. First release. Proofreader: Nancy Piotrowski. Volume 4 Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010. Print. 2. Mill operator, Allen, â€Å"Living With Anxiety Disorders† New York, Facts on File, 2008. Print 3. Jan Fawcett, â€Å"Post Traumatic Stres s Disorder† The Encyclopedia of Mental Health Ada Kahn. First Edition. Volume 1 New York. Realities on File. 1993. Print. 4. nymag. com/news/articles/wtc/1year/numbers, New York Magazine, 11 September 2011. Web. 20 November 2011 The most effective method to refer to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Essay models Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Free Essays He himself additionally experiences OPTS, and has sections about his considerations, emotions, and family mediation when he was composing his journal. â€Å"Speaking of Courage,† recounts to the narrative of another individual from Tim O’Brien detachment, Norman Booker, following his arrival to his old neighborhood In Iowa. Booker feels liable for the demise of Kiowa, who truly suffocated In human fecal matter during a firefight when the detachment was stayed in what ended up being a field of sewage. We will compose a custom article test on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Solidified in alarm, Booker couldn't force himself to move and haul the injured Kiowa out of the smelling sewage. Presently, back in Iowa, he essentially drives In hovers around town, feeling careless and strange. ‘How to Tell a True War Story Is an assortment of little stones Interspersed with directions about â€Å"true† war stories. The storyteller recounts to the account of his companion Rat Killed, who composes a letter to the sister of his pal who had been executed seven days sooner. It is a long, ardent letter. He sits tight for two months for an answer exactly, however the sister never composes back. The story at that point movements to analysis. A genuine war story Is never moral† (O’Brien 65) the storyteller Instructs. These two stories contain read instances of various indications of post-horrible pressure issue, in a way that can additionally disclose them to the peruser. The Vietnam War was battled by a belief system against an Ideology, and at last comprehended next to no while harming such a significant number of. Picks is a psychological instability that Is cause by a horrendous mishap that has occurred In ones life and can be effortlessly activated by an every day movement. Horse close assessment, Tim O’Brien assortment, The Things They Carried, investigates the impacts of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder according to Vietnam, since characters have inclined to furious upheaval, pass, and self-destructive propensities. The sad occasions that are seen during the war in â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story’ can cause quick instances of outrage upheavals. Outrage is supposed to be a spread for different feelings, for example, dread or hurt, and can likewise be a method of driving individuals away so as to ensure oneself. Be that as it may, propensities for abrupt upheavals of outrage are Like an indication of hyper-

Strategic Leadership in a Changing World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Key Leadership in a Changing World - Essay Example Henry Ford perceived the way that the organization can utilize the correct innovation to profit quality vehicles to people in general at a reasonable cost. With a proficient creation line, Ford produced numerous vehicles at lower costs. The organization depended on development to turn into the best vehicle maker in the U.S (Niemann 2013, p. 2). Today, the organization targets conveying the world’s best vehicles, utilities, and trucks, including a lineup of vehicles that are progressively feasible by they way they cause them and how they to work (Niemann 2013, p. 4). The organization relies upon its representatives to convey its strategic incorporates building extraordinary items that add to a superior world (Niemann 2013, p. 4). The organization severely dislikes supportability by receiving systems and objectives that limit natural effects, including lessening commitment to environmental change (Niemann 2012, p. 5). Additionally, the organization assumes a job in creating and executing answers for the worldwide water challenge (Niemann 2012, p. 5). The organization improves vehicle wellbeing by giving clients significant serenity and making the world more secure by creating propelled wellbeing advances and making them accessible over a wide scope of vehicles (Niemann 2013, p. 6). Accordingly, the organization keeps on increasing serious market advantage by lessening the natural effect of our items and offices, supporting positive social change, and guaranteeing monetary feasibility for long haul development (Niemann 2013, p. 7). For sure, Ford M otor Company produced the top of the line brand in America where it sold in excess of 2 million vehicles in 2012 (Niemann 2013, p. 4). Also, the organization presented six new decisions of charged vehicles and by March 2013, the organization was the second driving vender of these vehicles in America with a 15 percent of the half breed deals. Notwithstanding, it is very prominent that Ford Motor Company faces key issues and choices in the worldwide market and in the engine vehicle

Can Someone Show Me How to Write an Evaluation Essay

Can Someone Show Me How to Write an Evaluation Essay Writing an evaluation paper is an interesting assignment if you know how to do it. This assignment gives you the opportunity to look at things critically and analyze their merit, or lack of it, based on facts and evidence. It allows you to sharpen your way of looking at things objectively. This article will share with you all you need to know to draft an exceptional evaluation paper. What is an evaluation essay? Before we look at the finer details of writing an evaluation essay, let’s define it. An evaluation paper is a kind of review that is intended to determine the real value and quality of something. Essentially, an evaluation paper will pitch the claims of the object against independent evidence to arrive at a conclusion. It can evaluate a novel, service, product, or a hotel. Ideally, an evaluation should take an objective view of things so that it does not side with the prevailing opinions without examining them. In the process of achieving good evaluation essay writing skills, you need to integrate three main yarns into your writing. These yarns will ensure that you have a strong rope to tie up your thesis on the object under review. You should take an inquisitive approach to arrive at a logical way of presenting sound criteria, judgment, and evidence. Choosing Evaluation essay topics Before proceeding, you ought to choose evaluation essay topics carefully. You should select a topic that you have had a strong experience with or you can gather enough information about. This way, you will be better placed to state your opinion and stand on the matter based on facts and experience. Additionally, when selecting your topic, ensure you choose a very definite area that you can evaluate well. For example, it is better to evaluate a particular brand of cloth diapers instead of just evaluating cloth diapers in general. Criteria After settling for a particular topic, you’ve got to come up with clear and objective parameters you will use to determine whether the object you are reviewing is of poor or high quality. Those parameters are will also determine how superior or inferior the object or service is compared to others. Such parameters will constitute the criteria that will enable you to make a sound judgment on the object at hand. But how do you establish these parameters? Well, there is no straight answer to this question because each evaluation requires its unique parameters. Below are different examples: ? A school If you want to evaluate a private school, you will need to draft a list of qualities that constitute a good private school. Some of the yardsticks you will use to judge the school are: The learning environment: Is it located in a serene environment? The quality of teachers: Does it have adequately trained teachers? The syllabus: Is their syllabus focused on developing the whole person for future life or just passing exams? Affordability: Do the fees they charge correspond to the quality of education they offer? ? A taxi company For a taxi company, you can evaluate it against the following standards: Safety: Do their drivers drive safely or they are reckless? Fares: Do they charge reasonable fares compared to the prevailing market rates? Professionalism: Are their staff and drivers professional in the way they handle customers? Integrity: Are their drivers honest? Can they call you to pick your valuable items if you forgot them in their vehicles? ? A telephony firm If you are evaluating a telephony company, you can use the following criteria: Network stability: Is their network stable or does it fluctuate? Customer care: How long does it take to talk to a customer care agent? Network coverage: How far does their network reach? Do they cover the entire country they operate in, for instance, your country or they are limited to a few regions? Call clarity: How clear are their calls? Once you have set your criteria, you are now better placed to know how to judge that particular film, book, product, or service. But without clear criteria, you will be like a judge who is trying to sentence a man for refusing to pay income tax and yet there is not law in place that provides for that obligation. Judgment After establishing the parameters against which you are going to judge the object under evaluation, you can make your judgment. For instance, if you are reviewing a mobile telephony firm, you will determine whether it is a great service provider based on the criteria you set. You can judge them based on how long or short it will take you to contact their customer care desk. If they offer clear calls, they can attend to you within the first three minutes of calling their care center, and answer you satisfactorily and professionally, then they pass for a great telephony company. Evidence Evidence is what you will need to offer as proof for your judgment. If, for instance, you made a judgment that company Z is an excellent mobile service provider, you need to provide proof. For example, you can say that on ten different occasions, you tried calling their customer support center and you were served within the first three minutes. Additionally, you can cite the reviews of other users on reputable platforms. For instance, if you had a good experience with a certain product, you can check what the majority of other users are saying about the same product. If they give it a 4.7-star rating out of a possible 5, then you have evidence that product is excellent. Parting shot This post has furnished you with all you need to write an exceptional evaluation paper. It has shown you the evaluation essay format and the three pillars of drafting it namely: the criteria; judgment and; evidence. It’s now up to you to use them to sharpen your skills. But when faced with strangulating deadlines, contact Yourwiters.net for assistance. We are professional student helpers in all types of essays.

The Relationship Between Gender And Alzheimer s Disease

What is the relationship between gender and Alzheimer’s disease? Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain mainly characterized by memory loss, behavioral changes and cognitive deficits. The disease generally interferes with those parts of the brain that are responsible for memory and learning as a whole. Alzheimer’s disease results when there is an abnormal accumulation of proteins in the brain cells. However, gender appears to play a crucial role when it comes to the disease’s prevalence within the population. Women make up the largest percentage of the entire population of people with Alzheimer’s disease. This could be as a result of numerous factors including women’s general greater longevity as compared to their male counterparts. Another possible explanation is that women are at a greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease solely due to their gender. Majority of studies assert that there is an increase in prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease among women. This pap er seeks to determine the relationship between gender and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease Due to consistent improvements in healthcare over the past few years the general population lives considerably longer. Consequently, there is a considerable increase in the prevalence of non communicable diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is crucial to appreciate the fact that dementia is not a normal part of ageing. Nevertheless, it is mainly associated with ageing. StudiesShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Mental Health And Families, Friends, And Other Close Personal Relationships1585 Words   |  7 Pagesand investigation the influence of mental health and families, friends, and other close personal relationships, specifically Alzheimer s disease. 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Essay about Egyptian Funerary Practices - 951 Words

Egyptian Funerary Practices Ancient Egyptian civilization was based on religion. Their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force behind their funeral practices. Death was simply a temporary interruption, rather than an end to life, and that eternal life could be ensured by means of worship to the gods, preservation of the physical form thru mummification, substantial ceremonies and detailed burial policies and procedures. Even though many today have varying views of an afterlife, many of the funerary practices that originated in Egypt can be seen in present day funeral services. The Egyptians believed that the human soul used the first night after death to travel into the afterlife. The body, which the†¦show more content†¦Even though we today do not invest the time, the amount of care given is still present. The temples, pyramids, tombs, and religious artifacts left behind all tell us that the Ancient Egyptians believed in the resurrection of the dead. Their belief in immortality was the fundamental driving force behind their religion. â€Å"The formulae which were declared to have been recited during the performance of ceremonies were written down and copied for scores of generations, and every pious, well-to-do Egyptian made arrangements that what had been done and said on behalf of Osiris should be done and said for him outside and inside his tomb after his death.† (Liturgy of Funeral Offerings, pg.2) This illustrates just how important the ceremony and the process was to the Egyptians. Their belief in the afterlife and the importance of the ceremonial steps taken to get them there caused them great concern with their own funerals. Today, everyone has an idea of what they would like to do for their own funeral as well. We may follow in the same patterns as our family heritage has done for generations with either a traditional funeral or cremation, or we may have a newer alternative in mind for our self. Even though we may not be preparing for an afterlife, we still have anShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Funerary Stele Of Amenemhat I1121 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of this artwork is the Funerary Stele of Amenemhat I and was created by an unknown Egyptian artist from the 11th dynasty. This artwork was completed around 2000 B.C. The size of this artwork is 11† x 15† and it is located in the Brooklyn Museum of Art. The medium of Funerary Stele of Amenemhat I is limestone. In the artwork, the concept of contour lines is used to draw the objects such as the table and Egyptians. The lines are black and thin, somewhat showing definition to the art pieceRead MoreThe Funerary Stela of Ta-Khaa-En-Bastet :Mistress of the House1444 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction The following paper objective is to present the funerary stela of Ta-Khaa-En-Bastet, kept at the Cincinnati Art Museum. The stela’s accession number is 1947.392 and is possibly from Abydos because of its imagery. The stela dates back to the Late Period of ancient Egypt, which is 664-332 BC. This funerary stela helps to provide data about the funerary practices and the responsibilities women had in ancient Egyptian society. Description of the stela The stela is deemed to be a round-toppedRead MoreBurial Practices of Ancient Egypt Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe funerary rituals introduced by the Egyptians were the most intricate, spiritual rites in their times and, perhaps, even to this day. Their elaborate customs, tombs, and gifts to the dead were representative of their pious, devoted nature. Albeit not all were as imposing as the oldest and still remaining Seven Wonder of the World, the Pyramids of Giza, all were meaningful and sacred. The Egyptians, highly reverent of their dead, adopted ornate, religious burial practices to fit to every memberRead MoreCasey Kirwan, Civic Engagement Self Reflection1665 Words   |  7 Pagesartifacts and the funerary practices of this ancient world. 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This mask that is on display in the Museum of Fine Arts Boston is about 3 feet tall to about 2 feet wide. This certain piece of magnificent art is extremely detailed with intricate designs covering it all around. The Museum of Fine Arts makes it easy to pay attention to, because of its detail and how the mask is displayed. The Mummy Mask has it’s own small alter with a spot light shining down on itRead MoreThe Egyptian Reserve Heads Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesgreatest periods of change in funerary monumental construction. The careful planning of his complex at Giza extended from the Great Pyramid itself to the satellite cemeteries that would eventually hold the members of his family and his administration. It is in this temporal and geographic space that a puzzling find, unique to the Pyramid Age, appeared. The Egyptian reserve heads, well-sculpted depictions of human heads, have remained an enigma since their first finding. Funerary anomalies, their compositionRead More Religion In Ancient Egypt Essay example577 Words   |  3 Pagesof ones life; they believed and worshipped many gods. The faith they held in the gods were big and religion was bound up with their everyday life. The Egyptians are known as one of the most religious people in the world. Usually they turned to the gods to seek advice, help, and approval in decisions and even to assist in childbirth. The Egyptians had many festivals that they celebrate and it was believed that there was a god for every important event. Some of the gods and goddesses were Osiris (one

Humor of Flannery Oconnor Free Essays

Aaron Kalman Professor Suppes Art of Literature 15 September 2012 Humor in â€Å"Good Country People† Flannery O’Connor has always liked to use various types of humor and irony in her stories centered around the dark, tragic, and uncomfortable ways of life. She uses these literary techniques to mask what she is truly trying to say. â€Å"Good Country People† by Flannery O’Connor is a prime example of humor and irony which makes fun of the simple, intellectual, as well as the incongruous people in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Humor of Flannery Oconnor or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most blatant and simple type of humor is found while observing the flat characters of Mrs. Freeman and Mrs. Hopewell. These two women begin the story by participating in routine gossip with one another. Their constant bickering and desire to feel superior to the other is humorous because of how uneducated they sound. O’Connor puts them in the category of â€Å"good country people† due to the fact that they are pure, simple, and honest. This is ironic because good country people are referred and compared to as trash multiple times in the story. Another example of irony includes when Mrs. Hopewell said that the Freemans were a â€Å"godsend,† but the reason she had hired them was that there were no other applicants. Despite Mrs. Freeman being extremely nosy, Mrs. Hopewell ironically refers to her as a â€Å"lady and that she was never ashamed to take her anywhere or introduce her to anybody they might meet† (O’Connor 379). O’Connor uses these two women to lighten up the mood of the story before introducing Mrs. Hopewell’s atheist and pessimistic daughter Joy. The humor that the author uses when describing Joy is more complex and tragic than any other character in the story. As a well-educated 32 year-old, Joy is not a pleasure to be around. Joy constantly suffers through tantrums and still dresses like a six year-old. While reading O’Connor’s description, it is hard not to laugh at the way she acts towards her mother as well as visitors. Joy â€Å"slams doors, stomps noisily around on her wooden leg, and is in constant outrage† (O’Connor 378). An example of her disruptive behavior is when she associates Mrs. Freeman’s daughters, Glynese and Caramae, with Glycerin and Caramel. Joy changes her name to Hulga, which is ironically more suited to her personality. Her mother believes she does it to spite her, but Hulga really does it with the idea that her mother has to accept her by using the new name. This light humor becomes darker when Hulga gets ready to go on a date with the sadistic bible salesman, Manley Pointer. The bible salesman known as Manley Pointer contains a comical sense which makes taking him seriously extremely hard. First of all, the name he chooses to use is extraordinary in its own right. Manley Pointer has a cartoon character approach to him as he enters Mrs. Hopewell’s house. An example of this type of characterization is shown when O’Connor states that the man â€Å"fell forward into her hall†¦as if the suitcase had moved first, jerking him after it† (O’Connor 382). Manley Pointer has a youthful and awkward approach to his customers mixed in with a hint of cleverness. Mrs. Hopewell states that â€Å"she never liked to be taken for a fool† (O’Connor 383). Her statement is ironic because of the slyness used by Manley to trick Mrs. Hopewell into inviting him over for dinner. As Manley fools Mrs. Hopewell, he begins his devilish act with Hulga. The climax of the humor in â€Å"Good Country People† occurs when Manley Pointer and Hulga go on a date. Manley and Hulga’s date begins with some comical light humor as Hulga tries to dress up in slacks, a dirty white shirt, and some vapex she finds in the medicine cabinet in order to seduce the bible salesman. This is humorous because its shows her ineptitude to do a basic task despite her having a PhD. Hulga thinks she is making Manley fall in love with her as he kisses her head to toe; however, ironically Manley is secretly seducing her. Her downfall occurs when she gullibly gives up her soul by entrusting Manley with her wooden leg. He then takes her leg and runs off into the distance with it, leaving Hulga stranded up in the hayloft. Satirically, the only person Hulga has ever given herself up to steals her life and breaks her heart. Throughout â€Å"Good Country People,† dark, uncomfortable, tragic as well as lighter and simple humor are all used by O’Connor. This and some situational and literal irony allowed all types of characters to be made fun of by the author. The ingenious humor and necessary irony by Flannery O’Connor in â€Å"Good Country People† are what make her story brilliant. Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. â€Å"Good Country People. † Meyer, Michael, ed. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. How to cite Humor of Flannery Oconnor, Essay examples

Sartres thesis is that existentialism is the beli Essays

Sartre's thesis is that existentialism is the belief that man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. If I claimed to be a loving person but always talked down to people, or made fun of them, embarrass them, talk about them, I couldn't claim that I am a loving person. If I am a loving person, my actions should show it. When Sartre states "Existence precedes essence," he means who we are is defined by what we do. We cannot pretend to act like someone different than who we are. Who we are is defined by what we do. If I want to be nice, I will have to start acting nice towards everyone. If I want to be happy, I will only be happy when I start to be happy. According to Sartre, we cannot think ourselves into being nice or happy. It is our actions that will make us be what we want to be. That is what existence preceding essence means. Sartre describes anguish as "the feeling of total and deep responsibility" somebody has when they realize that "he is not only the person he chooses to be, but also a lawmaker who is, at the same time, choosing all mankind as well as himself". Anguish demonstrates itself when people realize that they have to make decisions that impact others. These decisions will make our path become the only reality we will ever know. Forlornness is saying "that God does not exist and that we have to face all the consequences of this". This causes problems that we will have to come upon when we realize that there is no God who had been leading us in certain directions all this time. Sartre claims that this will lead us to a point where we will have to use our intuition to decide what decisions we should really make in life. Despair means "we shall confine ourselves to reckoning only with what depends upon our will, or on the ensemble of probabilities which make our action possible". The real definition of despair is a total loss of hope. Sartre tried to redefine despair to mean a way of thinking that we can only deal with and that only we as humans can control. Sartre is guilty of what he claims Christians do. The word despair is not being used with the right meaning. He uses the word for impact, but uses the word in a completely different way than what it really means. "I shall have no illusions and shall do what I can" To Sartre, that is what despair really is.

Sildenafil Essays

Sildenafil Essays Sildenafil Essay Sildenafil Essay Introduction: Sildenafil, a drug which is used for intervention of erectile disfunction ( powerlessness ) in work forces, was discovered back in 1986. It s find can be called as an illustration of serendipity. A cardiovascular research programme was carried by the Pfizer to obtain a fresh drug for the pneumonic high blood pressure or angina. This hunt had resulted in find of Viagra, the first unwritten intervention for the erectile disfunction. It is a phosphodiestrase ( PDE ) inhibitor type 5, which increases blood flow to spongy tissues of phallus and maintains hard-on which is necessary for sexual intercourse. This find had brought solution to impotence which was suffered by 1000000s of work forces. It was patented in 1996 and was approved by the USFDA at March 27, 1998. Sildenafil was released in the market by the trade name name VIAGRA for erectile disfunction and besides available every bit REVATIO as intervention of pneumonic high blood pressure ( Hossein A.Ghofrani et Al. 2006 ) . Sildenaf il is the first unwritten intervention which is available in the market as unwritten intervention for erectile disfunction in work forces ( Jim Kling 1998 ) . Background: Sildenafil is used to handle erectile disfunction. Erectile disfunction is a disease in which hard-on of phallus is non attained or maintained which is required for sexual intercourse. Erectile disfunction can be caused by diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure or psychological upsets such as emphasis, anxiousness etc. It is a common disease between work forces aged between 40 and 70 old ages. Before the find of Sildenafil, interventions such as vacuity therapy by penial pump or penial prosthetic device surgery are used to handle erectile disfunction. Vacuum pumps were available on physician s prescription but penial prosthetic device surgery was done as a last resort. It involves interpolation of unreal rods in phallus which was non much favourable ( Anon 2008a ; Chris Steidle 2009 ) Discovery: Sildenafil was discovered by a group of pharmaceutical scientists of Pfizer Company situated at sandwich, Kent. In 1984, a cardiovascular research programme was carried out by these scientists to happen a new drug which has important consequence in instance of angina or high blood pressure. Nitrates are the diffusible gases which starts transition of guanosine triphosphate ( GTP ) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) which is responsible for a cascade or reactions doing vascular musculus relaxation. Therefore, nitrate show anti-anginal consequence which is required but it s action is limited by drawn-out exposure to nitrates ( Parker and Parker 1998 ) . PDE enzymes move on cGMP and do it s debasement by change overing it once more to guanosine mono- or triphosphate. So, a biological hypothesis was put frontward by the scientists that to barricade the PDE enzyme and potentiate the action of azotic oxide ( NO ) . At that clip, 5 types of PDE enzymes were identified from which PDE 5 type of enzyme was moving merely on cGMP and non on any other cyclic nucleotide. This PDE5 enzyme is present in squashy tissues of phallus known as principal cavernosum. There were no compounds available at that clip demoing powerful PDE5 inhibitory activity. A hunt of certification of assorted compounds demoing vasodilative effects lead to a compound, Zaprinast which shows weak and non-selective inhibitor of PDE5 enzyme. It showed it s vasodilatory activity in anaesthetized Canis familiaris. Subsequently on, it was developed as an anti-allergy agent. But, zaprinast act as a lead compound for Sildenafil and farther alterations were carried out on construction of zaprinast to suppress PDE5 enzyme ( Simon F.Campbell 2000 ) . Zaprinast ( 1 ) and guanine ring parallels portions a structural similarity in their basic construction. The triazolopyrimidinone construction of zaprinast and the guanine ring of GTP have similar dipole minute in magnitude and way ( 9.5 and 7.4 severally ) . From the construction of zaprinast and cGMP, it was suggested that this heterocyclic rings are recognized by the active site of PDE enzyme. So, alterations were transporting out on triazolopyrimidinone ring to obtain a powerful drug with high enyme affinity. Furthermore, computational surveies showed that cGMP attains a syn conformation and zaprinast allows isosteric replacings which favours adhering with phosphate mediety. Last, it was supported by X-ray construction that heterocyclic ring is indispensable for the inhibitory activity so it was remained unchanged ( J.A.Beavo 1995 ) . After transporting out alterations on the parent ring, a pyrazolopyrimidinone construction ( UK-122764, 2 ) was found to hold 10 fold addition in authority against PDE5 and decreased affinity towards other PDE enzymes. But, still alterations were required to be done as to replace cyclic phosphate ring of original substrate in the spacial part. Therefore 3- methyl permutation was carried out on the parent ring and a tetrahedreal group of sulphonamide was attached to the ring to replace the cyclic phosphate ring ( Hossein A.Ghofrani, Ian H.Osterloh, A ; Friedrich Grimminger 2006 ) . A important discovery came in 1989, when a compound was synthesized named UK-92480 ( Sildenafil, 3 ) which was holding 100 fold addition in PDE5 enzyme selectivity and really less selectivity against the remainder of the enzymes of PDE household. The piperazinosulphonamide mediety imparts lipophilicity to the construction of Sildenafil and and makes it more soluble. Besides, it potentiates the action of azotic oxide efficaciously and increase cGMP degrees intracellularly with lesser side effects. It resembles the construction of cGMP which shows competitory suppression of PDE5 enzyme and it was confirmed as it gave a dosage related addition of 2-4 crease of cGMP in eyetooth coronary arterias ( Robert B.Moreland et al. 1998 ) . Sildenafil cGMP Clinical Development: In 1991, Healthy voluntaries were given a individual dosage of 200mg of Sildenafil as a portion of phase-1 clinical tests. These doses were good tolerated among the voluntaries but when dose exceed from 150mg, it shows perturbations in colour vision. When Sildenafil was given intravenously with glycerin trinitrate, it increases the vasodilatory consequence of nitrates among the topics. So, Sildenafil should be contraindicated or a safe manner demands to be developed to administrate both drugs at the same time. In 1992, surveies were carried out on healthy voluntaries who were given 75mg of Sildenafil three times a twenty-four hours for 10 yearss. Healthy voluntaries reported flushing, concerns, dyspepsia and some of them besides reported penial hard-ons as side effects. But this was non taken earnestly at that clip and farther tests were carried out as a cardiovascular survey boulder clay 1993 ( Hossein A.Ghofrani, Ian H.Osterloh, A ; Friedrich Grimminger 2006 ) . But, consequences show that Sildenafil was non a promising drug for the intervention of high blood pressure. So in late 1993, new clinical tests were carried out in healthy persons enduring from erectile disfunction were carried out. A Rigiscan device holding two cringles was fitted, one cringle at the base and another at the tip of phallus to find the girth and hardness during the sexual intercourse. After transporting out two different clinical surveies for about one twelvemonth, consequences showed that individual dosage of Sildenafil showed hard-on with a additive dose-response relationship ( M Bollel et Al. 1996 ) . Further, clinical tests were carried out in more than 3000 patients enduring from erectile disfunction of assorted type, with a average continuance of five old ages and they were given 25mg, 50mg or 100mg of Sildenafil as dose. These patients were aged between 18-87 old ages and 21 tests were carried out in randomised, placebo controlled, dual blind for 6 months with different survey designs such as analogues, cross over, fixed dosage and titration ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Effectiveness of Sildenafil was assessed with instruments such as Rigiscan but chiefly it was assessed on the footing of International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF ) which consist of 15 inquiries chiefly which serves two chief terminal points ( Rosen R.C. et Al. 1997 ) . They are: O Ability to accomplish hard-on required for sexual inter class O Maintainance of hard-on after incursion The replies were recorded as categorical responses after 4 hebdomads period of clip. They are: O ( 0 ) No attempted intercourse O ( 1 ) Never or about neer O ( 2 ) A few times O ( 3 ) Some times O ( 4 ) Most times O ( 5 ) Almost or ever Besides, a journal was kept by the patients and their sexual information was recorded by themselves daily and an optional questionnaire was besides administered for their spouses. Consequences of patients demoing betterment of hard-ons assessed by questionnaire in any of the four different survey designs for 12 to 24 hebdomads of clip is shown below which was obtained on the 1797 patients that were characterized by average tonss of 2 ( few times ) on IIEF inquiry ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Treatment group Besides, clinical surveies were carried out in patients enduring from erectile disfunction caused by conditions such as diabetes or spinal cord hurt. In all instances, Viagra showed it s consequence and improved hard-on. On all tests, sildenafil improved conditions of erectile disfunction in 43 % of patients against 15 % of placebo ( Pfizer Labs 2007 ) . Target designation and Validation: During the clinical development of Viagra, 6 more households of PDE inhibitors were identified. So, there are entire 11 types of PDE enzymes from which Viagra showed high selectivity towards PDE5 than any other else except PDE6. It showed merely 10 fold selectivity towards PDE6. Visual defects associated with Viagras were explained by weak suppression of PDE6 enzyme which was situated in exposure receptors. It shows high selectivity towards PDE5 against PDE7-11 enzymes ( Hossein A.Ghofrani, Ian H.Osterloh, A ; Friedrich Grimminger 2006 ) . working model.bmpSildenafil portions a similar construction with cGMP. The 3 substituent of heterocyclic ring make full the infinite in the enzyme filled by ribose and the 5 terminal of sildenafil mimic the function of cyclic phosphate in substrate binding. Sildenafil blocks the PDE5 catalytic site which is acquired by cGMP. So cGMP binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme and cause enzyme suppression. This will ensue in addition degrees of cGMP as it is non catalyzed by the enzyme and will do vasodilation which will ensue in increased blood flow to the tissue. 5 illustrates the mechanism of action of Viagra. As Viagra has similar construction with cGMP and has high affinity towards PDE5 enzyme, inquiry arises that sildenafil interacts with the cGMP for adhering at allosteric site. A site directed mutagenesis survey was carried out to measure the amino acids involved in contact action of substrate. The chief aim is to understand the suppression of the enzyme at the molecular degr ee and measuring the repressive effects of drugs on the catalytic site. Analysis of binding of Viagra to allosteric site was carried out and consequences showed that there is no interaction between Viagra and cGMP for adhering at allosteric site ( Illarion V.Turko, Stephen A.Ballard, Sharron H.Francis, A ; Jackie D.Corbin 1999 ) . The first PDE5 enzyme was identified in research lab. It was recognized when a hunt was carried out for cyclic nucleotide-binding proteins other than cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases as a cGMP adhering protein in lung tissue. 6 shows working theoretical account of PDE5 enzyme in which there is phosphorylation site at the aminic terminal parts. There are two allosteric adhering sites for cGMP near it. At catalytic sites consists of two Zn ­+2 adhering motifs A and B near the carboxy terminal part. The phosphorylation site is at serine residue at 92 place. The binding motives are aspartic acid at places 714 and 754. They facilitate the contact action by moving as a catalytic base or as a co-ordinated ligand for required metal ( Jackie D.Corbin and Sharron H.Francis 1999 ) . Lead Regeneration: Reaction strategy for Viagra was foremost reported in 1996 in Bioorganic A ; Medicinal chemical science Letters. Below is the reaction strategy ( 7 ) which was explained in the diary. It is a additive reaction which involves reaction of diketo ester ( 1 ) to hydrazine. It will ensue in cyclization of the merchandise giving pyrazole ring ( 2 ) . This pealing upon hydrolysis with a base, gives a carboxylic acid derived function on which regioselcetive N-methylation has occurred ( 3 ) . This compound on nitration with azotic acid in presence of sulfuric acid, and on decrease with Se chloride and ammonium hydrated oxide, nitro group gets reduced to amino groups ( 4 ) . Now this compound, upon acylation under basic conditions, undergoes pealing closing and forms a pyrazolopyrimidinone derived function ( 6 ) .This upon chlorosulphonylation at 5 place of phenyl ring, consequence in Viagra ( David J.Dale et Al. 1999 ; Nicholas K.Terrett et Al. 1996 ) . Different paths are available for synthesis of Viagra but there are minor alterations in the stairss. Sildenafil is commercially produced by another path which was published subsequently on.

Looking for Black Holes in Out-Of-The-Way Galaxies

Looking for Black Holes in Out-Of-The-Way Galaxies Black holes are strange beasts in the cosmic zoo. They come in two types: stellar and supermassive. Its now well known that most galaxies have many stellar-mass black holes scattered throughout. Theyre usually created by the deaths of stars in supernova explosions. Theyre sometimes found in binary systems, where a black hole and a white dwarf or some other type of star are doing an orbital dance with each other. An artists conception of a stellar-mass black hole (in blue) hat likely formed when a supermassive star collapsed, feeding from material ejected by a nearby star. ESA, NASA and Felix Mirabel) Meet the Behemoths The largest black holes, the supermassives, are tucked away in the hearts of galaxies and contain the mass of millions or billions of stars. They spend at least some of their time chowing down on material in their immediate neighborhoods. Most of the supermassive black holes astronomers know about are tucked away  in galaxies that themselves are bundled together in clusters. The largest one found so far has the mass of 21 billion suns and holds court in the core of a galaxy in the Coma Cluster. Coma is a huge conglomeration that lies 336 million light-years away from the Milky Way galaxy. The heart of the Coma Cluster of galaxies; one of the galaxies contains the most massive black hole ever found. This HST image reveals galaxies and globular clusters associated with the core of the cluster. NASA/ESA/STScI That wasnt the only big one out there. Astronomers also found a 17-billion-solar-mass black hole hunkered down in the core of a galaxy called NGC 1600, which itself is in a cosmic backwater where only about 20 galaxies exist. Since most of the really big black holes live in the big cities (that is, in well-populated galaxy clusters) finding this one out in the galactic sticks tells astronomers that something strange had to have happened to create it in its current galaxy. Merging Galaxies and Black Hole Build-ups So, how does a monster black hole get stashed away in a small-town galaxy cluster? One possible explanation is that it merged with another black hole at some point in the distant past. Early in the history of the universe, galaxy interactions were much more common, building ever-larger ones from smaller ones. Galaxy collisions contribute to the formation of supermassive black holes. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows a collision called the Antennae. During the course of the collision, billions of stars will be formed and any central black holes in each of the colliding galaxies can merge to form ever-larger monsters. NASA/ESA.STScI When two galaxies merge, not only do their stars and gas and dust mingle, but their central black holes (if they have them, and most galaxies do) migrate to the core of the newly formed, more massive galaxy. There, they orbit each other, becoming whats called a binary black hole. Any stars or clouds of gas and dust are in double jeopardy from the gravitational pull of these black holes. However, this material can actually steal momentum from the black holes (provided it doesnt fall right into them). When that happens, the stars escape, leaving the black holes with less momentum. They start to move closer together, and eventually, they merge to create a behemoth black hole. It continues to grow by gobbling up gas funneled to the core throughout the collision. Growing a Massive Black Hole So, how did NGC 1600s black hole get so massive? The most likely explanation is that it was extremely hungry at one point in its early life, leading it to suck in lots of gas and other material. That huge appetite may explain also why the host galaxy is in such a small cluster, compared to other supermassive black holes in galaxies in the hearts of much larger clusters. NGC 1600 is the largest, most massive galaxy in its group. Its also three times brighter than any of the other nearby galaxies. That huge difference in brightness is not something astronomers have seen in other groups. Most of the galaxys gas was consumed long ago when the black hole blazed as a brilliant quasar from material streaming into it that was heated into glowing plasma. In modern times, NGC 1600s central black hole is relatively quiet. In fact, astronomers called it a sleeping giant. That explains why it hadnt been detected in earlier studies of the galaxy. Astronomers stumbled across this massive monster when they were measuring the velocities of nearby stars. The intense gravitational field of the black hole affects the motions and speeds of stars. Once astronomers were able to measure those speeds, they could then determine the black holes mass. How Do Astronomers Even Find a Black Hole? Astronomers used special instruments at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii to study the light coming from the stars near the black hole in NGC 1600. Some of those stars are circling the black hole, and that motion shows up in the starlights fingerprint (called its spectrum). Other stars had motions that seem to suggest that they had once ventured a bit too close to the black hole and were gravitationally flung away in a more-or-less straight line from the galaxy core. This makes sense since Hubble Space Telescope data also showed the core to be very faint. Youd expect that if the black hole were tossing stars away from itself. Its possible that NGC 1600s core has ejected enough stars to make 40 billion suns. That tells astronomers theres a pretty powerful and massive black hole hidden away at the heart of this galaxy, which lies some 209 million light-years from Earth. Instruments attached to Gemini Observatory can be used to study the fingerprints of light streaming away from the regions around black holes such as that in NGC 1600. Gemini Observatory Key Takeaways Black holes exist throughout many galaxies. The cores of spirals and ellipticals usually contain supermassive black holes.The elliptical galaxy NGC 1600 has a fairly massive black hole at its heart.Astronomers are working to understand why this galaxy has such a massive black hole. Sources â€Å"A View of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1600.†Ã‚  HubbleSite - The Telescope - Hubble Essentials - About Edwin Hubble, hubblesite.org/image/3723/news.Dunbar, Brian. â€Å"What Is a Black Hole?†Ã‚  NASA, NASA, 21 May 2015, www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-a-black-hole-k4.html.NASA, NASA, science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes.

HIV drug treatment in South Africa Literature review

HIV drug treatment in South Africa - Literature review Example It also highlights the side effects of these drugs and mention ways of making the HIV drug treatment as safe as possible. HIV is an important health concern as about a million of people are infected annually by this pandemic. Africa is disproportionately bearing the weight of HIV/AIDS epidemic. The population of Africa forms 11 percent of the world’s total population and about 67 percent of the people infected by HIV are living in Africa. About 22.4 million population of Africa is infected by HIV virus and about 1.9 million new HIV cases were reported in the year 2008. About 10 million African children lost their parent because of HIV, in the last year. The countries located in the north of Africa have the lower prevalence HIV rate. However according to statistics South Africa is the worst HIV affected part of this continent. About 10 percent of the population of Zambia, Swaziland, Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana and Zimbabwe, is affected by HIV virus. In the sub- Saharan part of Africa the HIV patients acquire half of the beds present at any hospitals. Health care professionals have been highly affected by this pandemic. In the years 1990-2005 about 17 percent of the health work force was lost because of this killer virus. In response to this major health risk a number of initiatives have been taken to educate the population of Africa, in order to reduce the potential risk of HIV. In 2013, a special report was issued by UNAINDS. According to this report the number of people receiving anti-retroviral treatment in the current year is seven times more than the patient receiving treatment five years back. Education is the main source by the help of which develop Africa fight against HIV/AIDS. There are several institutions that offer training to the individuals to eliminate the misconception about HIV this help them to make informed decision related to their health. There are several programs being offered in Africa one of which is â€Å"sensitization

Internal Controls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internal Controls - Assignment Example Cash is the most important asset of a company due the fact it can be used to pay for the purchases, payroll, and debt obligation of a firm (Deloitte). In the past I have been exposed to internal controls in the workplace. The section below discusses four experiences of mine with internal controls in the workplace. Example #1 A few years ago I worked for a company that had just been opened. The firm operated in a niche industry. I was selected during the first round of recruiting. The company promised its employees a $6 productivity bonus if the employees surpassed the daily production quota. A few months passed by and the bonus was never paid. The employee got angry and started to rebel against the firm. The absenteeism rate of the company increased. The human resource department implemented a new internal control to obtain real time data over the attendance of its employees. An electronic system was installed that would record the exact time the employee arrived, lunchtime breaks, a nd the employees exit. The employees were given a code of four digits that they would enter in the machine. The new internal control system backfired. The employees began to cheat by giving their secret number to another employee so that they would punch in for them. Sometimes the employees never went to work and got paid by letting somebody else enter their secret attendance code. It took the company several months to realize some of the employees were cheating. After this debacle the HR department took more serious measures to deal with the problem. They installed a new internal control measures that was safe proof. The new system made the employees punch into a machine that used their fingerprints to log in. Example #2 Three summers ago I got a chance to work with my uncle for a month. His employee was on vacation. My uncle owned a convenience store. He told me when I started working that he got robbed twice that year and he did not know what to do. He could not afford a security guard and he had gotten two quotations for security systems that costs over $1,500. He was having cash flow problems and did not have the money at the time. I decided to help my uncle. He needed an internal control system that was cheap and effective. I got him a used remote security camera system from eBay that allowed him to record all the video recording on his computer. He could view any of the cameras from his home at any time through the computer or smartphone. The system costs only $250. Example #3 In the past I used to work at a supermarket. The store had a lot of customers, thus it had 10 cashiers open at all times. Control of cash was vital to running the operation effectively. The managers used several internal controls measures to safeguard cash. One of them was that each cashier had to fill a short sales report at the end of the shift and count the cash. The cash was then taken to the manager’s office to put it in a safe. The safe was emptied three times per wee k and a carrier moved the cash from the store to the bank. Example #4 I used to work delivering pizzas. The pizzeria I worked for had some problems with employee not making deliveries and deliveries being late. The manager of the company decided to implement an internal control measure to resolve the problem. When a pizza was delivered the employee had to give the customer a ticked stub that had to sign by customer with the time that the pizza was delivere

Impact of Terrorist Attacks on Tourism and How to Prevent Acts of Terro

Introduction Acts of terrorism has greatly affected multiple countries, including the United States. The horrific events that took place on 9/11 left the American people shocked, devastated, and furious. Many innocent American’s lost their lives on this infamous day. While airports and airlines are not free from security breaches, a set of new security measures and requirements have been implemented by the International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization (Beirman, 2011). Increased security at airports and airlines, have left terrorists to target more vulnerable areas such as tourist destinations. Attacking tourists’ spots such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, conference venues and other forms of transportation such as buses, trains and rail terminals are an easier target for a terrorist group (Beirman, 2011). The main purpose of this paper is to inform the reader on how 9/11 impacted the tourism industry in recent following years after the attack, as well as to provide terrorism prevention strategies for tourism destinations. The attacks on 9/11 have significantly impacted the tourism industry in ways such as international, domestic and business arrivals, the economy and tourism business sectors, and citizen’s perceptions of traveling, thus resulting in researches coming up with strategies on how to prevent terrorism from happening at a tourism destination. Links and Trends Between Terrorism and Tourism Tourists may be victims of terrorism simply because they were at the wrong place at the wrong time. However, in recent history there is more likely to be a link between tourism and terrorism. As seen throughout the news, there are multiple instances where terrorists are seen targeting tourists specifically, such as the Bali Bombings that took place in Bali. Reason being is that attacking tourists has a distinctive advantage for the terrorist group. First of all, many foreign tourists who are attacked are from so-called developed countries such as the United States, France, Italy, and other various countries. Attacking theses foreign tourists guarantees publicity for the terrorist group in that tourist’s home country (Horner & Swarbrooke, 2004). Having these countries give terrorist groups publicity makes terrorists feel they have accomplished their task and are becoming more power... ...1, September 9). The tourism legacy of 9/11 ten years on. Retrieved from http://www.eturbonews.com/25139/tourism-legacy-911-ten-years Bonham, Carl & Edmonds, Christopher & Mak, James (2006, February 22) The Impact of 9/11 and Other Terrible Global Events on Tourism in the U.S. and Hawaii [Case Study]. Retrieved from http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/3683/econwp087.pdf?sequence=1 Herman, E. (2002, June 10). Hotels rebound from 9/11 revenue loss hampers full recovery. Retrieved from http://articles.nydailynews.com/2002-06-10/news/18188960_1_room- rates-hotel-consultant-revenue-per-available-room Horner, S., & Swarbrooke, J. (2004). International cases in tourism management. (1 ed.). London, England: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Paraskevas, Alexandros & Arendell, Beverley (2007, February 8). A strategic framework for terrorism prevention and mitigation in tourism destinations [Case Study]. Oxford: Elsevier Publishing. Wolley, John, & Peters, Gerhard (2001, September 11). George W. Bush: "Address to the Nation on the Terrorist Attacks," September 11, 2001. Retrieved from http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=58057

What Is Criminal Justice

A crime is committed when a person has violated the law by the state, federal government and local jurisdiction system and cannot be justified. Crime can be categorized in several types of ways; felonies, misdemeanors, offenses, treason and espionage and inchoate offenses. Felonies are considered to be major crimes which could cost an offender jail time, probation and confiscated property. The two most common models of how society determines whether a crime has been committed are criminal law and criminal justice. Criminal law relates to crime and punishment.In contrast, criminal justice focus is geared towards the right and wrong doing in situations. There is no separation between social and criminal justice because justice is portrayed by our nation’s criminal court. The law is a set of guidelines that has been applied through public establishment to regulate behavior wherever possible. Criminal law has two essential parts which are substantive criminal law that identifies c rimes and punishment the offender may face and procedural law is a method use to enforce substantive law.The government structure that applies to the criminal justice system is connected by the federal, state and local level. The government has three branches to help avert and manage crime the legislature, judiciary and the executive. The legislature division determines what is right and wrong and how congress passes laws. The executive branch enforces the law and judiciary system interprets the law. Criminological theory is an explanation of the causes of crime and how it is connected within the criminal justice system.Understanding the criminal is significant to first understand how civilization thinks and determine what acts are considering a crime. A thought based on classical and neoclassical of criminology is a choice theory. Conscious choices created by choice theory are a basic belief of criminality. To understand choice theory, it is important to first address the basic ass umptions use by classical theorist.Schmalleger (2009) stated, â€Å"Crime is caused by the individual exercise of free will. Human beings are fundamentally rational, and most human behavior is the result of free will coupled with rational choice† (pp. 83-84). Early theorist of the classical school believed that pain and pleasure were the dominate traits that governed human behavior. These early rational were replaced with a more modern rational choice theory. Scott (2000) stated, â€Å"What distinguishes ational choice theory form other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than purely rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental actions, however much it may appear to be irrational or non-rational† (p. 2). The concept of personal choice is rooted in the analysis of human behavior developed by Ceasar Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Bentham essentially said that an individual would co mmit a crime as long as the reward outweighed the consequences.

China s Economic Development Through The Stages Of The...

China’s booming economic growth over the past forty or so years is one of the most impressive events to happen in the global economy. The economic transformation of this country is unlike any other transformation. China was by far the most economically and technologically advanced nation almost a millennium ago. However, it started to fall behind in economic growth compare to Western Europe during the time of 1500 and 1800. This paper will examine China’s economic development through the stages of the demographic transition model and its post-transition conditions. In addition, some of the implication of the ageing population has on the continuing development of the country’s economy will be addressed. There is great debate if the decline in economic growth was before or after the Industrial revolution but many seem to agree that the political system and the many conflicts that occurred in China play a major role. These factors made it difficult for the Chinese economy from getting the force it needed to catch up to the growth of Western Europe. Up until the 1950s, there was both high birth and death rates. Although the population growth was low and stable during this time, the economic growth in this country was at a minimal. The pre 1950s period would be considered stage one on the demographic transition model for China. It was not until the 1950s, when the People’s Republic of China was established, that the process of growth began. The decisions made during thisShow MoreRelatedThe Demographic Transition Of Nepal1540 Words   |  7 PagesDemographic Transition Research paper Nepal has â…“ of the population living below the poverty line, thus, making it one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Nepal has an area of 147,181 square kilometres and a population of approximately 27 million (The World Factbook). 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